Nominalization
The following verbal nominalizers are used to create nouns from verbs.
prefix | meaning |
|---|---|
∅ | action |
zi | instrument |
vä | place |
gä | time period |
me/le | profession (masc. or fem.) |
mü(r) | experiencer |
že | agent |
rark - to fight
rark - a fight
zirark - a weapon
gärark - a war
merark - a fighter, warrior; lerark - female fighter
mürark - a defender, the one who is attacked
žerark - a fighting person (not professionaly)
Verbalization
A noun or adjective can be turned into a verb by using it in verbal position. The verb preserves its noun prefixes. The adjectival suffix is deleted.
If the noun is a result of a specific action, work or achievement, the verb usually desribes the action itself.
iř - a hole, iř - to dig a hole
gärark - war, gärark - to do war
With adjectives and nouns which express a state after a specific change, the verb describes the change of state:
košvü - cheap, koš - to become cheap
luňvü - happy, luň - to become happy
Nominal modifiers
These prefixes are used to shift a meaning of a noun, i.e., to create a new noun from another noun or from an adjective.
prefix | meaning |
|---|---|
me | masculine |
le | feminine |
á/an | child, diminutive |
aš(e) | animal |
da | collective, natural phenomena |
nä | idea, something which exists only in imagination, something which has been heard about |
vä | place, area, where something is, takes place |
gä | time period, when something is, takes place |
sä | object |
ka(n) | inhabitant |
If the prefixed word begins with a vowel, the final vowel of the prefix is deleted. In the case of á/an, an is used before vowels, á before consonants.
vét - nothing, emptiness > vävét - a desert, an empty place
mür - rabbit, lemür - female rabbit
zälk - bird > ázälk - little bird
žeř - dragon > näžeř - imaginary, supposed dragon, the dragon I hear about
reň - town > kareň - town inhabitant
Medzor > kamedzor - Medzorian
Reglaň > kareglaň - Reglaňian
Adjectivization
The adjectival suffix is used to form the correspondent adjectives:
medzorvü - Medzorian (relating to Medzor)
kamedzorvü - relating to the inhabitants of Medzor